A Espanha aprovou elevar de 13 para 16 anos a idade para
considerar o jovem capaz de consentir sobre ‘as coisas do sexo’.
A mudança, que
já estava aprovada desde 2009, deve entrar em vigor ainda nesse mês de
setembro.
Assim, na hipótese de adultos
manterem relações sexuais com menores de 16 anos de idade, haverá punição
prevista de 2 a 6 anos de prisão e, em caso de sexo oral ou com penetração,
a pena poderá elevar-se até 12 anos.
Ou seja, a vulnerabilidade etária, na Espanha, passa a ter como limite os 16 anos. No Brasil, conforme artigo 217-A do Código Penal Brasileiro, a vulnerabilidade etária atinge os menores de 14 anos de idade.
Também houve alteração na idade mínima
para autorização de casamento, que era 14 anos e, agora, passou aos 16.
Spain raises age of
consent from 13 to 16
Changes agreed in
principle in 2009 and expected to come into force this month also raise
marriageable age from 14 to 16
The change was agreed unanimously in principle by parliament
in 2009 under the previous government and is expected to come into force this
month.
Adults who have sex with underage children now face from two
to six years in prison and up to 12 years if they have performed oral or
penetrative sex.
An exception is made in the case of consensual sex with
someone under 16 "when the other party is of a similar age or stage of
development and maturity", a loose concept that judges will have to define
on a case-by-case basis.
Raising the age to 16 brings Spain into line with the UK,
Russia, the Netherlands, Norway and Belgium. It is 14 in Germany, Austria,
Hungary, Italy and Portugal and 18 in Turkey and Malta.
In most European states the law does not specify whether the
acts are heterosexual or homosexual.
Teenage marriage is rare in Spain – only four boys and 64
girls under 17 married in 2010 – but in a national survey published two years
ago 74% of women born since 1971 said they had lost their virginity before they
were 20, nearly twice as many as their mothers' generation.
The rate of teenage pregnancy is low, less than a third of
that in the United States. However, a report on sexual health in Spain
published on Wednesday said all forms of sexually transmitted diseases are on
the rise.
All Spanish children receive sex education classes in the
last year of primary school, when they are 11.
But under the new education law proposed by Spain's
rightwing government, sex education will be removed from the curriculum.
"Spain has advanced a lot in a short period of
time," said Ezequiel Pérez Campos, president of the Spanish Contraception
Society. "We have overcome many fears and taboos and women now play a much
more central and active role."
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